1)In factories and plants we are surrounded with electronically controlled

machines and instruments, we are carried by airplanes, ships, trains

and cars with built-in electronic devices, and satellites circle the

globe.

2)To develop such a computer qualitatively new integrated circuits were required.

3)Already, the optical equivalent of a transistor has been produced, and

intensive research on optical-electronic computers is being carried out

in a number of countries around the world.

Ответы:

1) are surrounded Present Simple Passive

2)  were required. Past Simple Passive

3) has been produced Peresent Perfect Passive